What’s in a name?

When I was working on my interactive map with Romanesque churches in in Saône-et-Loire based on “Le site sur l'Art Roman en Bourgogne” I stumbled upon Loisy, a village in the Bresse, which should have a Romanesque house.

Château - Loisy

With the help of various maps it is often not too difficult to find a church, but a house somewhere in a village is something different. The driving force behind the earlier mentioned site, van Boxtel, told me that Loisy was a bit more complicated than it seemed. Loisy was the site where several Romanesque statuettes from the motte féodale were found. The statues themselves had been transported to various museums. He could however quite accurately tell me where this motte could be found; near the château in the middle of the village.
Not at all hampered by being modest about my language skills, I assumed that a motte was the same as a moat in English, something that sounded quite plausible given the location of this motte near a castle. A dictionary should have prevented me from drawing this conclusion, but why on earth would one consult a dictionary when one already knows the “answer”?

"Moat" - Loisy

A few days ago we were on another church hunt in the Bresse when we visited Loisy. In the centre of the village we easily found the castle, and a rather shallow ditch could pass, with a bit of fantasy, for the remains of a moat. The only thing that did not really fit in with this interpretation was the fact that van Boxtel almost always, if not always, gives the exact crime scene. And the statues in the moat could have come from anywhere. My burning question now became: where did these statues originally come from? From the chapel that belonged to the castle, or from an old church that stood there once? The answer came quickly. A motte féodale was a motte-and-bailey castle, built on top of an often artificially built hill. Arundel Castle in England is a good example of such a castle. The statues hence came from the original castle, of which nothing remained but the hill on which the remains of the more modern castle still can be found.
The next items on the list to be investigated are the statues, hidden somewhere in the museums of Romenay and Mâcon!

Remains of the castle - Loisy

Guests of La Tuilerie de Chazelle can find more in the Bresse but no longer existing buildings; Louhans for example boasts on Monday mornings a very interesting, big market, where one can, next to vegetables, food, clothing etc. also find and buy fowl and small animals.

Breaking and entering

Have you ever tried to open a locked door, then discovering that you had forgotten the key?

Supper at Emmaus - Saint-Julien in Laizy

Depending on the type of door this does not always involve calling a locksmith. With double doors, where one part is bolted with a vertical pin falling into a hole in the floor, whilst the other part is then locked with a key, one can be lucky. Sometimes (but certainly not always!) somebody has forgotten to lower the pin, and in that case it is possible , by pushing gently but firmly against both door parts, to force the catch in the first door out of its hole in the second. If that works, both doors swing open simultaneously.

Capital - Saint-Julien in Laizy

This knowledge was put to good use when I wanted to visit the church in Laizy in the Morvan. The door was locked, but there was sufficient movement in both door panels. After trying and pushing a bit, I pushed a bit harder, and with a pang both doors swung open and I could go inside.
Of course this can and should be classified as breaking and entering, even though not with the intention to steal something. But some churches contain valuables, and of course there could be an alarm attached to the door, or simply, a neighbour could have warned the police. And how do you explain in French that the door opened itself spontaneously when you just leant against it?

Capital - Saint-Julien in Laizy

In view of the above I decided to quickly take the pictures I had come for and after that disappear on the double. I could not close the door properly, but for a casual passer-by it looked as if the door was at least closed.
The interior of the church was more than worth the effort. I have seen quite a few churches in that part of the woods, but Laizy is certainly a pearl in the crown of the Morvan churches.
The moral of this story? Always try whether there is any movement in a door. It will not be the first time that one of us thought that a door was closed, while in reality it was just sticking.

Arcatures - Saint-Julien in Laizy

For a complete series about this successful break-in, click here.

A day-trip to Autun from La Tuilerie de Chazelle is not complete without trying the door of the church in Laizy!

A pleasant surprise

It does not happen very often, but sometimes…..

Did I come back for this??? Noooo....

One goes somewhere to take some pictures, and when returning home one remembers something that might have been interesting, but one forgot to take a picture of it. It is getting even worse, when that day there had been 4 photo sessions, and one does not remember in which place these pictures should have been taken.
After having visited 4 different churches in the Brionnais I remembered some promising heaps of stones on a piece of grass just outside a church, which I wanted to explore further. I forgot to do so, as well as I had forgotten the name of the place the church was in. During a next visit to the Brionnais we were close to 3 of the 4 places we had visited previously, and they were certainly not that place. Elimination gave us the name of the place we were looking for: Saint-Laurent-en-Brionnais. Google Maps could have helped us more quickly; it was the only church out of those 4 with a piece of grass next to it!

Well, I certainly did not go back for this!

A third visit solved my problem, and brought two surprises. The first (unpleasant) surprise was that the stones were hardly worth photographing. The second surprise however was a pleasant one. During our first visit there was a choir rehearsal going on. Even though the choir was of an abominable quality I considered it to be rude and impolite to march through the church, investigating every stone, using flash, etc. in short, to disturb them. Hence I did not use flash, avoided the part of the church they were using, and kept well out of their way. The whole session resulting in very few pictures of mediocre quality.

Elaborately carved capitals

During this second visit the choir was, thank heavens, nowhere to be seen, which gave me the opportunity to wander around at my own leisure. And it turned out that I had missed out on quite some interesting things during that first visit.
Not only does the church have a number of very interesting capitals, but a number of columns possesses also interestingly sculpted column bases; there were snakes, a rabbit, some crowned heads, etc.
Which proves, that it sometimes pays off to return to the scene of the crime!

Columnbase with rabbit

For my album of Saint-Laurent, click here.

The Brionnais, and not just Saint-Laurent, is more than wort a daytrip from La Tuilerie de Chazelle.

Symphony in Stone Opus 1

When I started to get deeper into the subject of Romanesque architecture, every so often I stumbled upon some Latin phrases. And since I do not have a classical background in that sense I had to resort to looking things up in for example Wikipedia. When I came across the term “opus spicatum” in the glossary of terms used in Romanesque architecture, I decided to see what Wikipedia had to say for itself.
The Dutch as well as the English Wikipedia refer to a way of arranging stones or bricks, a so called bond, and the translation that was given was “herringbone pattern”. However, the English Wikipedia also gave as a literal translation “spiked work”, based on the Latin word for spike, ear or head which is spica.

Appareil en épi de blé - Fontenay

The French Wikipedia refers to the same thing, and translates the term literally as “appareil en épi de blé”, which is “ears of wheat pattern”. However, the French Wikipedia mentions that this “appareil” is often mistaken for “appareil en arête-de-poisson”, hence “fish or herringbone pattern”. This last definition links straight to an entry of the same name, which at the time also refered to the Latin name “opus piscatum”. the link to the Latin word for fish seemed plausible at the time. However, in view of this blog I decided to reproduce the search I described earlier.
Neither the Dutch nor the English Wikipedia gave any surprises; the French however did. The French entry was last updated January 2014, and the last remark in this entry states, that even though the term “opus piscatum” can be found in several recent publications, it is not a proper architectural term. This term is a neologism, and there appears to be no Latin adjective “piscatus”.
However, the French still maintain two separate entries in their Wikipedia; both entries distinguish “appareil en arête-de-poisson”, where the fish bones at angles meet at a straight line, whilst in the ears of wheat pattern the ears meet forming a zigzag line.

Appareil en arête-de-poisson - Château de Brancion

That was my first encounter with “opera” (plural of “opus”) in architecture. The French Wikipedia gives under the heading of “appareil” an impressive list of the various “opera” or bonds in use by the Romans in their architecture. And indeed, when I visited the old Roman harbour Ostia Antica during a vacation in Rome I read on a number of information panels descriptions of the various opera to be found on certain walls.
One of these walls was built using “opus quasi reticulatum”, described on the panel as a bond formed by small tuff pyramids, placed at 45 degrees. This description did not exactly give me an aha-experience, but when I looked at the wall I saw what the writer had meant. Wikipedia gives for “opus reticulatum” stones arranged in a fishing net pattern, and the “quasi” is added when the pattern is not very regular. One could also call it a diamond pattern.

Opus quasi reticulatum - Ostia Antica (I)

By this time I thought I had seen it all: herringbone patterns are not exactly rare in very old buildings in this part of France, ears of wheat patterns are often found in decorative road pavements, and the net or diamond pattern I had never encountered outside Rome. It was quite a surprise when I found this pattern while visiting my brother in Bergum, a small town in Friesland, a northern province of the Netherlands. The church wall of the local Romanesque church not only had some decorative panels in ears of wheat pattern, but also some panels in a diamond pattern! And on top of that, the church was partially built using tuff. As can be deduced from the above story, believing Wikipedia blindly is not always a good idea, and one has to be even more careful when the origin of words is explained without any proper knowledge of etymology, or when culture-historical conclusions are drawn based on “ logic” instead of based on historical knowledge. Hence I would not dare to say that the decorations on this church are based on Roman architecture, however, it is not impossible. There must have been quite a bit of cultural cross-pollination after the Christianization of Europe; think of the Lombard builders who flocked from Italy all over Europe and left their traces everywhere, and certainly in France.

Left Opus spicatum, right Opus quasi reticulatum - Bergum (NL)

It is not unlikely that these people had some knowledge of Roman architecture, and it is also not unlikely that these Lombards (or their pupils) did not wander further north than just France.
Anyway, I will soon force myself to change the entry “opus piscatum” in my glossary of Romanesque architecture according to my recently acquired knowledge.

There are sufficient herringbone patterns from the Romanesque and pre-Romanesque period to be found within a radius of 12 miles around La Tuilerie de Chazelle.

Former church, former town hall, former village centre

Whilst creating my interactive map of Romanesque churches in Saône-et-Loire, locating the church of Ozolles appeared to be not as straight forward as I thought it was. The church was mentioned on Eduard van Boxtel's website, and I had assumed the church to be the village church, which seemed perfectly logical. According to van Boxtel however this was not correct. He knew that it was supposed to be a "former church, next to the mairie, in lieu dit St-Martin". Ozolles is not exactly next door for us, hence we decided to wait until we had to go to the Brionnais to see a client. And since we were then in the vicinity, we could look out for that church.

Mairie - Ozolles

Some time ago we had to go to the Brionnais. That day we were going to try to locate the church of Ozolles and a chapel in Pomey, a hamlet of Ozolles. The "new" church in Ozolles was found fairly quickly, not far from the mairie. Around the mairie there was a plot of open land, which possibly once surrounded an old church. We found somebody walking around the village, but according to this person there was only one church in Ozolles, possibly built on the foundations of its predecessor. The trip to Pomey was not much more successful. Pomey was not shown on the Michelin map, and a sign pointing towards Pomey ended up in a totally different hamlet. After this debacle we put both Ozolles and Pomey on hold.

Interior of the modern church - Ozolles

However, the quest was not given up so easily. The next time we went to the Brionnais we came better prepared. I had received more detailed information from van Boxtel about the Romanesque church in Ozolles. The church was a former church, next to the former mairie, in the former village centre of Ozolles. The old village was centred around Saint-Martin, a hamlet slightly north of Ozolles. The church was one of a cluster of 3 buildings. From one of the other buildings one could clearly see the facade of what once had been a church.

The end of the former church - St-Martin (Ozolles)

In these sort of cases Google Maps as well as the French Geoportail.fr (option IGN maps) gives far better information than Michelin. Saint-Martin was quickly spotted, there was only one group of three houses there, and the chapel of Pomey was also well indicated. A screen dump of the map with Saint-Martin resp. Pomey made it quite easy to find both buildings.

Facade of the former church - St-Martin (Ozolles)

The former church of Ozolles was easily found. The owner, who was according to van Boxtel's source not very helpful where information about his property was concerned, was not home, the gates were not locked, in a word, nothing or nobody stopped me from making a tour around the property. That was Ozolles out of the way.

Chapel from 1877 - Pomey (Ozolles)

Pomey turned out to be easy to find with the detailed map I had printed. And the first building I encountered whilst entering the hamlet appeared to be a chapel. After having had a good look around I noticed a sign saying that the chapel had been built in 1877; not exactly a year famous for its Romanesque building activities! Studying the map closer showed that the chapel (Chapelle des Blancs) was just a tiny bit further down the road. It was a chapel without a roof, and despite of the lack of cover the chapel still seemed to be in use. There was a primitive altar with a cross, and in front of it stood a simple wooden bench.
Despite the fact that these trips are not always as successful as one wishes, one really gets a kick in case the looked for item is indeed found!

Chapelle des Blancs - Pomey (Ozolles)

The Brionnais is well worth a daytrip from La Tuilerie de Chazelle.

Reading is not really my strong point

I had visited the church in Ougy (commune of Malay) at least three times, the last two times to make some more detailed pictures of the inside and the outside of the church. Inside the church itself there are a number of remains of wall paintings, and one of them should depict Philip the Apostle. I had looked a number of times at all the fragments, but I had never spotted someone who could have been Philip.

The church of Ougy

The apse hosts some very vague remains of a Chist in Glory, and a picture of a winged bull (Luke the Evangelist) on the left hand side and of Luke himself on the right hand side. And further there are some remains of a mourning band with the coat of arms of the Family du Blé of Uxelles, the Lords of Cormatin.

Interior with western door

In October 2013 Eduard van Boxtel asked me if I could provide him with a big size photograph of the interior of this church; he wanted to cut out a picture of the fresco of Saint-Philip to his website. And that question woke me up. Indeed, just above the western door, which is always closed, one could distinguish with a bit of effort, in a half circle, a fresco. Because the walls of the church have rather suffered a long time from moisture, and were hence pockmarked with stains, the fresco did not look so much different from those stains at a distance.

The coat of arms of the Du Blé family

The larger picture was transferred in no time, with a promise that I would pop by the church again to take a proper picture; we quite regularly pass by Ougy anyway. I had never seen this church closed, so it was quite a surprise to find, on Wednesday 6 November, the door locked with a notice pinned upon the door :"Church closed from 4 November to 3 March 2014, except on Saturdays and Sundays". No big deal of course: on Saturday 9 November we were back. However, irrespective of the promise on the notice, the church was closed. Sunday 17 November we had more luck; the side door of the church stood wide open.

The symbol of Luke the Evangelist

Even now it was not directly clear what the fresco was all about. The painting is located in a rather dark part of the church, but once my eyes had adjusted themselves to the twilight it was obviously the one I was looking for. Because I prefer to take pictures without flash, and because my partner discovered that the door was not locked but bolted with a beam resting in recesses in the wall, it did not take much time to discover how to unbolt the door which made the fresco perfectly visible.

Luke the Evangelist

Anyway, shooting some detailed pictures was a doddle, and after that it was just a matter of closing the door and put the beam back into place.
In hindsight I could have found the fresco easily on a previous visit. According to a brochure the fresco is located "on the other side of the West portal". This may not be as clear as "inside, above the front door", but for a weathered church spotter the location in the brochure should be clear enough.
Which proves again, that he who does not use his brain, will have to resort to using his legs, in my case his car!

Philips the Apostle

It takes only 15 minutes by car to get from La Tuilerie de Chazelle to Ougy.

Decorations (3)

It is essential to view the pictures of this blog at full size; by clicking on the relevant picture it will be sufficiently enlarged.
Picture 1 shows a number of relatively simple decorations, applied to the facade of the abbey church of Tournus. The Lombard bands, supported from lisenes are clearly visible; the facade also has two more friezes. The upper one shows a flat saw teeth motif in the plane of the wall; the lower one has a protruding saw teeth motif with the teeth protruding perpendicularly to the wall.

1. Saint-Philibert - Tournus

In a book about Romanesque art I once read a good piece of advice: when you go visit a church, it is a good idea to bring a torch and a pair of binoculars. This may sound a bit strange, but crypts can be rather dark, and a torch can help you to see an interesting capital. The same goes for capitals high in the nave of a church. A pair of binoculars could make those capitals visible. How to go about high capitals in a dark church is something the author did not tell. A pair of binoculars however can also be useful for studying tall bell towers.

2. Saint-Philibert - Tournus

Picture 2 shows a number of finely sculpted columns, three with a helical motif (on the corners) and three in the shape of an human figure (on the top storey, in the middle and on the right hand corner). The modillons are also beautifully carved.

3. Saint-Philibert - Tournus

The decorations in picture 3 are a bit less exuberant, however not less interesting. Here also very distinct bandes lombardes, but exceptionally interesting are the sculpted capitals in the shape of distorted faces. For these sort of pictures a zoom lens is worth every penny. I am quite content with the results I obtain with my 18 - 105 mm zoom lens.

Tournus is only 25 minutes driving away from La Tuilerie de Chazelle.

Ignorance

In the area we live in one encounters regularly signs saying "Site Clunisien", which are located at the beginning of a village or, in some cases, fixed to the wall of a building, usually a church. I had always assumed that those were references to interesting Romanesque churches operating under the umbrella of and ruled by Cluny abbey. I am referring to churches like those of Chazelle, Malay, Saint-Gengoux-le-National, Saint-Hippolyte, etc. Analogous to this the church of Chapaize was a subsidiary of Tournus abbey, which would explain why there was no sign like that in Chapaize. This "theory" turned out to be based on sheer ignorance.

Sign at Saint-Hippolyte

The first time I assumed that there might be more to the word site clunisien than I thought was during an excursion I made in honour of the introduction of the website "clunypedia.com", a site hosting an interactive map of sites clunisiens in and outside France. Apart from Cluny abbey we visited the Chapelle des Moines in Berzé-la-Ville and the Domaine des Vignes du Maynes, a vineyard in Cruzille. Maynes appeared to be a corruption of the word Moines, so the connection with Cluny did not seem to be totally illogical. The monks from Cluny had been producing wine here, a long time ago. However, I completely failed to see the connection between a vineyard and a church building. Apart from that, the interactive map of sites clunsiens was not exactly densely populated with sites around here, something that surprised me a bit. The man who gave the introduction to Clunypedia emphasized that the whole site was still under construction, which would explain the lack of churches on the map.

Clunypedia - Sites Clunisiens around Cluny

Recently I was browsing on yet another website, "sitesclunisiens.org", and it seemed like a good idea to plot out all the sites clunisiens, at least around Cluny, on a map. I assumed beforehand that this site would show considerably more sites clunisiens than Clunypedia did. However, that turned out to be not true. On the picture the density of sites clunisiens around Cluny is not high at all, at least not when one knows how many Romanesque churches there are around here.

SitesClunisiens - Sites Clunisiens around Cluny

The picture below shows how many Romanesque churches there are in roughly the same area. The difference is stunning! A closer look at "sitesclunisiens.org" revealed the following: according to this site there were not more than approx. 110 sites clunsiens in the whole of France. All entries on this site are exclusively prieurés, doyennés or domaines (vineyards). And it was only then that the penny started to drop.

Romanesque churches around Cluny

A prieuré (priory) is a subsidiary, hence a "daughter" monastery of the "mother" abbey. And that Cluny abbey had quite some daughters was well known to me. A doyenné (deanery) is a supplier of agricultural goods to an abbey or priory, and since monks cannot live on fresh air alone it seemed logical that there were quite a few deaneries near the many monasteries in the area. A doyenné has a different meaning in the hierarchic structure of the Roman Catholic church as well, which will be explained later. That wine suppliers ranked quite high among the sites clunisiens can be explained by the fact that Cluny is located in Burgundy. Sacramental wine has got to come from somewhere, right? The amount of sites clunisiens was by now more or less equal and identical on both websites concerning this subject.

The doyenné of Chazelle

But whatever happened to all the other churches around Cluny, such as Jalogny, Ameugny, Ougy, just to name a few? Were they excommunicated because they had been disobedient, and kicked out on the harsh streets of the Clunisois? Or had they decided to gang up with other abbeys, such as Tournus or La Ferté? It was then that the penny really dropped. An abbey or monastery is simply not in charge of parishes or parish churches! Parish churches fall under the jurisdiction of a doyenné (to increase the confusion, a doyenné in French is also the administrative layer between the individual parishes and the diocese), and the deans running those deaneries are reporting to a bishop, not to an abbot or prior! And of course, most or all of these sites clunisiens have a church; the reason is simply that every priory or abbey has a priory or abbey church. And that is very often the only remaining part of the priory or abbey.

Domaine des Vignes du Maynes - Cruzille

Who would however ever have thought that an interest in Romanesque churches would lead to thinking about the organisation charts of the Roman Catholic church?
Despite the story above, around La Tuilerie de Chazelle there are more than sufficient sites clunisiens to keep those interested busy for a day!
http://www.latuileriechazelle.com/home.html

Decorations (2)

Before I became deeply affected by Romanesque architecture, I hardly knew anything about the subject.

Chissey-lès-Mâcon

That only came with time. Hence I was slightly unpleasantly surprised when somebody, looking at my pictures of the church in Chissey-lès-Mâcon, said : "Ah, you managed to find the modillons as well!". I did not even have the foggiest what a modillon could haven been! Since that time I have learned a few things. A modillon is a short corbel, supporting a roof edge or cornice.

Châteauneuf

Whatever was so special about those corbels remained a mystery to me, until I realised that corbels decorated with a relief are not present on every church. I have experienced that the more you look for them, the more you find. And not only at roof levels where you can spot them with the naked eye; they can also be found at the roof edges of relatively high bell towers, where one can hardly distinguish them.

Châteauneuf

It still happens from time to time, that whilst processing my pictures I blow up the top of a bell tower, indeed finding some interesting details which I had not spotted whilst taking the picture.
And the more churches one investigates this way, the more one starts to appreciate the sometimes bizarre details one finds. By now I have an impressive collection of men sticking out their tongues, men hanging upside down, modillons with a double head, a cow's head, a dog's head, hands in all sizes and shapes, geometric patterns, etc. etc.

Châteauneuf

This blog does not go into the deeper meaning behind those depictions. I am sure there is one, but I simply lack the knowledge to say something sensible about it. Despite this, I still like to go into the Brionnais, because many a church in that area has sufficient nice or funny or gruesome modillons to fill several films of 36 exposures.
All pictures except one were taken in Châteauneuf; the only reason behind it is the fact that it was the first series (but certainly not the only one!) in my collection giving me more than sufficient photographs for this blog.

Châteauneuf

The Brionnais is less than an hour's drive from La Tuilerie de Chazelle.

Decorations (1)

In many Romanesque churches one finds, between the end of a column or pilaster and the beginning of the arch an impost, a usually trapezoidal ridge protruding from the face of the column or pilaster. One could call an impost a decoration, albeit not a very exuberant one. I think that it also served as a support for the centring, the wood construction carrying the stone arch as long as it is not finished and hence self-supporting.

Centring (Wikipedia)

The first time I stumbled upon a decorated impost was in the Saint-Pierre in Brancion. Apart from the frescoes this is one of the very few decorations in the church. What exactly is shown in this relief is not very clear to me; to me it resembles a relief of two fighting dragons, battling head to head.

Saint-Pierre - Brancion

But I found also something interesting in the Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption in Champlecy. This is clearly shown on the picture below. On the right hand side of the picture there is a "normal" impost, which you can find in almost every church. The left hand side one however, has been decorated with a sculptured cylinder attached to the slanting side of the trapezium.

Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption - Champlecy

Something similar I encountered in the Saint-Nizier in Baron. The first picture shows an impost as described above, but here the cylinder has been intrinsically decorated as well; the second one shows an impost decorated with a row of cylinders in a billette pattern.

Saint-Nizier - Baron

Saint-Nizier - Baron

Finally, in the Saint-Pantaléon in Trambly I found an impost decorated with a pattern consisting of a row of circles, similar to a pattern with oves. On top of that the slanting side of the trapezium has been replaced by a rounded rectangle. Besides, (see 2nd picture) the face of the rectangle perpendicular to the longer side shows a curl, suggesting a stone "scroll".

Saint-Pantaléon - Trambly

Saint-Pantaléon - Trambly

I had never imagined that something at first sight looking so relatively simple as an impost would lead to such an extensive blog!
For the website of La Tuilerie de Chazelle, click here.

Slow and steady wins the race, once more!

In a previous blog I mentioned that I might have found the former church in Ciergues, a hamlet near Donzy-le-National. In the meantime I have made an interactive map of Burgundian Romanesque churches, and this "church" is indicated on that map as well. The menu on the left of the map itself contains a list of alphabetically ordered place names.

Shed (left) with other buildings behind it

We still regularly drive through Ciergues, and every time I look to see whether there is somebody home to acknowledge the fact that the shed I had found was indeed the church. Recently we drove through the hamlet again, coming from the north, and this time we stopped at the first cluster of three that make up Ciergues. And what we had never spotted, due to the angle the road makes, we spotted now: behind the shed with the buttresses another building was hidden, consisting of two parts. The panorama photo shows the shed left in the foreground; the building behind it can be seen on the right hand side. A consultation with our export revealed the following: the left hand part of the building in the background had church potential.
There were three characteristics supporting the candidacy of this building over that of the shed:
1. the pignons (gable ends) on both sides of the building, slightly protruding above the roof;
2. the small window with round arch, on the left hand side of the wall;
3. the modillons (corbels) under the lower edge of the roof.

Click on the picture to enlarge

The first search action took place in October 2012, the second a year later. Did I hear someone say that I give up easily?
For our own website, click here.